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Welcome to the Developing World -- figuratively, rather than literally.
What is the best way to "visit" the developing world without leaving northern Illinois? This is the dilemma we face. Will textbooks and lectures be satisfactory? Or do we need in-class discussions, videos, structured homework assignments, etc.? I'm not sure. Therefore, we are going to try some of each. A problem with such an approach is that it may seem unstructured and unfocused. You will need to work hard to keep our goal in sight. I will try to be your guide, but I can't do it all. Two class periods a week times 8 weeks is only 48 hours (2 days). That is a short time to visit three quarters of the world's land surface, i.e. the developing world.
Therefore, to achieve our goal and to succeed in this course you must:
But we are not just tourists. We are scholars. Therefore we will not only visit the developing world, but we will study it. This Study Guide will be our map. Read it carefully. Keep it in a three-ring binder, buy tabbed dividers so that we can access the it quickly, and add any additional pages distributed in class . Bring it with you to class, along with your textbook, everyday.
As your guide I want to hear your ideas. Where do you want to visit? What do you want to learn. I will try to be flexible while at the same time keeping us on track and on schedule. I hope you enjoy your trip.
Sincerely,
Mark Healy
Instructor / Tour Guide
INSTRUCTOR
Mark Healy Office: J260
Phone: 925-6352
e-mail: mhealy@harper.cc.il.us OR mhealy@mc.net
OFFICE HOURS
Mon. 7-9:00 am, 12-1:00 pm, 2:15-4:15 pm
Tue.
Wed.7-9:00 am, 12-1:00 pm
Thur.
Fri. 7-9:00 am
CLASS INTERNET SITE: http://user.mc.net/~mhealy/geg103/
A. Unit 1
1. Introduction and Themes
2. Sub-Saharan Africa
3. North Africa and Southwest Asia
4. Mini-Theme: Life in a Developing Country
5. Exam 1 Review
B. Unit 2
1. The Chinese Realm
2. South Asia
3. Southeast Asia
4. Mini-Theme: Population Geography
5. Exam 2 -- Take Home Exam
C. Unit 3
1. Middle America
2. South America
3. Mini-Theme: Immigration
4. Exam 3 Review
We will divide the developing world into seven realms. Each realm is discussed in its own chapter (except the Chinese Realm which is in chapter 9: East Asia).
Realms:
1. Sub-Saharan Africa [Chapter 7]
2. North Africa and Southwest Asia [Chapter 6]
3. The Chinese Realm [Chapter 9]
4. South Asia [Chapter 8]
5. Southeast Asia [Chapter 10]
6 Middle America [Chapter 4]
7. South America [Chapter 5]
Themes:
We will analyze each realm by applying the following four themes:
1. Regional and Physical Geography (R&P GEOG)
2. Economic Geography, Development, and Change (ECON GEOG)
3. Cultural Geography, Diversity, and Conflicts (CULT GEOG)
4. Historical Geography and Colonialism (HIST GEOG)
I will either use internet pages or computerized multimedia lecture material as I teach this course.
You will find the internet pages at: http://user.mc.net/~mhealy/g103/
The computerized lectures are available for student viewing in the I-building computer lab (second floor). As you enter the lab, only the computers on your RIGHT have the lecture materials. To access the presentations use the arrow keys to highlight APPLICATIONS then push ENTER. Then highlight GEG103 PRESENTATIONS and push ENTER.
Ways of Learning
Students learn in a variety of different ways. Some learn best working alone, others in groups. Some like essay exams, others multiple choice. Some are good at reading and analyzing, others at thinking and creating. All ways of learning, or ways of viewing the world, have merit. Therefore I shall attempt to address the various ways of learning in our grading procedures. You will no doubt be more comfortable with some learning strategies than with others.
Point Distribution
EXAMS AND QUIZZES
Unit Exams 3 @ 50 points each 150
Comprehensive Final 1 @ 125 points 125
Map quizzes 7 @ 10 points each 70
PROJECTS AND ASSIGNMENTS
LDC Atlas Paper 1 @ 50 points 50
Theme Activities 2 @ 20 points each 40
Other 0 - 70TOTAL 435-505
Letter Grades
The final letter grade will be assigned according to the following percentages:
Exams
The three unit exams will consist of a variety of question types: multiple choice, short answer, essay, mapwork, and others. To do well students should study the textbook, attend class, take good notes, and participate in class activities. Many exam questions will be from material discussed in class. Review sheets for exams 1 and 3 are included in this study guide. Exam 2 is a take home exam which is also included in this study guide.
Map Quizzes
To begin our study of a realm (region of the world) it is important that we know WHERE it is and WHAT is there. A Map Quiz Location page is included in the Study Guide for each realm. The quizzes will require students to locate on a map or name: countries, water bodies, land bodies, mountains, rivers, etc.
A on-line Map Quiz Tutorial is available at: http://user.mc.net/~mhealy/mapquiz/menu/menu.htm
Final Exam
A COMPREHENSIVE final exam will be held during final exam week. The final exam is composed of 125 multiple choice questions including 25 map location questions.
I will not grade students on attendance, but attendance is vital to the successful completion of this course. Nevertheless, most in-class assignments (see "other assignments" below) must be done in class. Those not in class will not receive a grade on that particular assignment.
Missed Classes
When a class is missed, students are responsible for obtaining handouts from a fellow student or the instructor. It is highly recommended that each student find a classmate for collecting handouts and assignments. Some handouts may be available on-line on our class home page. Any in-class activity (except exams) for which points are awarded cannot be made up for students who have missed class.
Late Assignments
Assignments handed in late are strongly discouraged. Arrangements may be made with the instructor, but do not expect full credit.
Missed Map Quizzes
Missed map quizzes can be made up only under extreme circumstances. The instructor must be notified before the quiz date. We will take 8 quizzes, but only 7 will be counted in the final point total. Therefore missing one map quiz will not affect your grade
Missed Exams
Exams will be made up only in extreme situations (to be determined by the instructor). The instructor must be notified before the exam date. The exam should be made up within one (1) week.
The LDC Atlas paper is explained below.
In unit one we will explain the four themes that we will apply in this course:
1. Regional and Physical Geography (R&P GEOG)
2. Economic Geography (ECON GEOG)
3. Cultural Geography, Diversity, and Conflicts (CULT GEOG)
4. Historical Geography and Colonialism (HIST GEOG)
We will do assignments for R&P GEOG and for ECON GEOG. Explanations of these assignments are included below.
Throughout the semester various in-class and out of class work will be assigned. For example, after viewing a movie students may be asked to answer a few questions. These assignments act like points for attendance. If you attend class (and stay awake) you will probably earn the points.
There are two purposes of the Atlas writing assignment. The first is to show that you can correctly and appropriately apply the vocabulary and concepts from our vocabulary lists. The key word here is "apply". I do not want a description. I want an ANALYSIS, an application of geographic concepts. I want you to show me that you understand what geography is about. I want you to use the spatial perspective to analysis a topic. When you write this paper you must closely follow the style sheet found in the appendix to this Study Guide. The style sheet shows that your paper must include a list of the "VOCABULARY and CONCEPTS USED:". This is very, very, important.
The second major purpose of the Atlas writing assignment is to appropriately include and use MAPS. The Atlas Paper must include at least one, but probably more, maps. You must tell the reader when to look at the map. And you must explain the map -- what is it showing and how does it help the reader understand the topic? For blank maps you may use the outline maps from this study guide. Therefore make sure that you make many copies so that you always have a blank one. You can use a copier to enlarge portions of one of these maps if that is more appropriate. Also, the computer labs in I building - second floor- have the software program PC Globe Maps 'N Facts which is easy to use and prints nice maps (Use the computers on the LEFT as you enter the lab. Instructions are included in this Study Guide). If you need help or a special map, contact your instructor.
Topics for the atlas papers MUST come from those listed in each realm (chapter) in this Study Guide. Other topics can be used ONLY with the permission of the instructor.
I have included two Atlas Papers from an earlier geography class to serve as models (see appendix). These sample papers are longer than necessary. A good paper sould contain about one and a half to two pages of text. Maps will make the paper longer.
The paper due dates are listed below. Note: papers can be rewritten until you earn all 50 points. But this is true only IF you follow the due dates. If you do not follow these dates then you lose the privilege to do the rewrites. This means if you turn in your topic late, or turn in your paper late, then your first draft is the only draft that will be graded. When re-writes are handed-in, you must attach the previously graded paper AND grading sheet.
To reduce the number of rewrites that I have to grade students must make an outline. Also, I have included an "Atlas Paper Checklist". Both must be completed and handed in with the first draft. (See below). Finally, I have included the grading sheet I use when I grade the papers. You might want to look at this as you write your paper. please attach this grading sheet to the back of your paper
THE LDC ATLAS PAPER REQUIREMENTS:
1. Number of points possible: 50.
2. An outline attached to the back of paper.
3. A least three sources (You will probably use more).
4. The "checklist" must be completed and handed in (see below).
5. Attach the grading sheet to the back
6. All papers must use the headings typed in capital letters on the Style Sheet (see below).
7. All of the items mentioned in #6 above will be at the top of the front page along the left margin.Example:
Mark Healy GEG 103
TITLE: (There must be a title.)
ASSIGNMENT: LDC Atlas
REALM: (Must be one of the seven covered in this course.)
REGION: (Must be exactly as de Blij outlines them in the textbook.)
LOCATION: (Optional)
THEME: (Must be one of the four class themes)
VOCABULARY: (Most from Study Guide, approximately 10)
REFERENCES: (Must be in proper form, see appendix.)8. Your paper must contain maps and you must DISCUSS the maps in your paper.
9. Do not Xerox maps out of books. Draw your own maps using blank outline maps. Always note where you found the information for the maps you draw.
The most difficult part of the assignment is also the most important. That is the incorporation of the maps into the paper. Many students just add a map to the end of the paper, or just say "see map" someplace in the paper. If you look at your textbook, the author always (1) explains the map and (2) uses the map to explain something. Even in class, your instructor would never flash a map up onto the screen without discussing what it is showing and how it helps to explain the topic being discussed. You must do this in your paper. Tell the reader when to look at a map. Explain what the map is showing and how it helps to understand the topic being discussed. In order to do this you will have to MAKE YOUR OWN MAPS. Begin with the outline maps from this Study Guide, PC Globe, or some other source. Use a Xerox machine to enlarge a particular part if necessary. Then label the map so that it shows exactly what you want it to so that it clearly illustrates the concept that you want. Just like what your instructor tries to do in every lecture.
Students Name: _____________________
Topic:______________________________
PROPER FORMAT (5 points possible)
following style sheet
proper headings
references
title
_________out of 5
PROOFREADING/SPELLING SENTENCE FRAGMENTS/ETC. (5 points
possible)
________out of 5
MAPS ( 10 points possible)
quality of maps
how incorporated into paper
usefulness of maps
__________out of 10
OUTLINE/ORGANIZATION OF PAPER (10 points possible)
__________out of 10
USE OF CLASS CONCEPTS AND VOCABULARY (10 points possible)
__________out of 10
QUALITY OF THE CONTENT (10 points possible)
geographical?
facts/data
appropriateness
quantity/quality
analysis
_________out of 10
TOTAL ___________OUT OF 50
Name: __________________
1. Did you read the explanation of the assignment on page 11 of the Study Guide? YES NO
2. Did you read it a second time? YES NO
3. Does your paper have at least one map? YES NO
4. Did you use the map or maps to explain important points? YES NO
5. Did you discuss all maps in your paper? YES NO
6. Did you tell the reader when to look at the maps? YES NO
7. Did you follow the "Style Sheet" on page 99 closely? YES NO
8. Did you?
Type your paper YES NO
Double Space? YES NO
Staple? YES NO
9. Did you include:
Your name and "GEG 103"? YES NO
The name of the ASSIGNMENT? YES NO
Does your paper have a TITLE? YES NO
The correct REALM (according to the textbook)? YES NO
The correct REGION (according to the textbook)? YES NO
a LOCATION, if appropriate? YES NO
The THEME (regional, economic, cultural, or historical)? YES NO
LIST OF VOCABULARY USED (from lists in Study Guide)? YES NO
Did you highlight these vocabulary words in the paper? YES NO
10. Did you put your REFERENCES in the proper form? YES NO
11. Did you include the Style Sheet headings on the first page? YES NO
12. Did you outline your paper BEFORE writing it? YES NO
13. Did you attach your outline to the back of your paper? YES NO
14. Did you include some of the major topics or concepts that we have covered in class in your outline? YES NO
15. Did you use your own words or properly use quotation marks? YES NO
(DO NOT PLAGIARIZE!)
16. Did you proofread your paper before handing it in? YES NO
17. Did you proofread it again? YES NO
18. Did you read it ALOUD to yourself? YES NO
19. Did you have a friend read it before making final corrections? YES NO
Friend's signature: ____________________
20. Did you use appropriately dated sources (up-to-date)? YES NO
21. Did you use several sources? (At least 3?) YES NO
22. Did you focus on broad issues rather than just current events? YES NO
23. Did you ask the reference librarians for help? YES NO
24. Did you go through the vocabulary words in the following sections of our Study Guide to see if they could be included in your VOCABULARY list:
The appropriate realm? YES NO
Regional and Physical Geography (pp. 32, 34) YES NO
Economic Geography (pp. 35, 36) YES NO
Cultural Geography (p. 39) YES NO
Historical Geography (p. 45)? YES NO
25. Did you look at the vocabulary list in the appropriate chapters of the textbook to see if they could be included in your VOCABULARY list? YES NO
26. Did you look up the definitions of your vocabulary words to be sure that you use them correctly? YES NO
27. Did you use the appendix of the textbook or PC Globe to get data for your paper?
YES NO
28. If you used numerical data (like total land area) did you explain the data by giving comparisons that the reader would better understand (like "similar in size to Illinois" or "this is rather high or low")? YES NO
29. Did you answer all of these questions truthfully and attach them to the back of your atlas?
YES NO
1. Each student shall select a boundary between two realms as delineated in the textbook. (See figure I-1, World Geographic Realms). One realm must be a developing realm.
(For example: in class your instructor discussed the boundary between Sub-Saharan Africa [chapter 7] and North Africa and Southwest Asia [chapter 6]. NOTE: these two realms cannot be done by students.)
2. Then, apply the "regional criteria" (physical, cultural,economic, and historical geography) to explain WHY the boundary was drawn where it was. Usually the first few pages of each chapter discusses realm boundaries and the "Key Maps" listed for ALL the themes are very useful. (See "Key Maps in the appendix of this Study Guide.)
(For example: North Africa is mostly Islamic and Sub-Saharan Africa is less Islamic and contains many other religious groups.)
3. Also, discuss any significant transition zones that exist.
(Remember: ALL realm and region boundaries are transition zones, but the boundary between North Africa and Sub-Saharan Africa is especially large for several reasons.)
4. Be sure to discuss why the border was drawn where it was. What is different on each side of the boundary? Do not just list characteristics, but COMPARE and CONTRAST.
5. Write a short paper (1-2 pages). Maps may be very useful to show the differences. Be prepared to discuss your paper in class. Several students may be asked to present their paper to the class. (No reading allowed during oral presentations.)
NOTE: For ALL Assignments you must follow the "Style Sheet"(see appendix). Select VOCABULARY from the vocabulary lists of ALL THEMES and from the vocabulary for the appropriate realms in this study guide.
Economic Geography (20 points) Name ______________________
Country ____________________
Using recent atlases, almanacs, PC Globe Maps 'N Facts, other computer software, and/or other reference materials, list the following data for your country. Hand in theses pages. You MUST use PC Globe Maps 'N Facts to gather some data and provide proof by turning in a one page printout of data or maps from the computer program. (Information on how to use this computer program is included later in this syllabus.)
REGIONAL GEOGRAPHY
a. area:
your country _________________ USA_______________
How does this data for your country compare with the rest of the world's countries?
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
b. area compared to what? your country _________________ USA _______________
( eg. "Twice as big as Illinois.")
c. total population _________________ _______________
How does this data for your country compare with the rest of the world's countries?
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
d. adjacent countries _________________ _______________
_________________ _______________
_________________
_______________
MEASURES OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
a. gross domestic product per capita _________________ _______________
How does this data for your country compare with the rest of the world's countries?
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
your country USA
b. population growth rate (%) _________________ _______________
How does this data for your country compare with the rest of the world's countries?
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
c. population doubling time (yrs.) _________________ _______________
How does this data for your country compare with the rest of the world's countries?
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
d. crude birth rate _________________ _______________
How does this data for your country compare with the rest of the world's countries?
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
e. crude death rate _________________ _______________
How does this data for your country compare with the rest of the world's countries?
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
f. percent of GDP from:
agriculture _________________ _______________
How does this data for your country compare with the rest of the world's countries?
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
manufact. _________________ _______________
services _________________ _______________
your country USA
g. percent urbanization _________________ _______________
How does this data for your country compare with the rest of the world's countries?
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
h. energy use per capita _________________ _______________
How does this data for your country compare with the rest of the world's countries?
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
i. literacy rate _________________ _______________
How does this data for your country compare with the rest of the world's countries?
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
j. life expectancy _________________ _______________
How does this data for your country compare with the rest of the world's countries?
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
k. infant mortality rate _________________ _______________
How does this data for your country compare with the rest of the world's countries?
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
l. people per doctor _________________ _______________
How does this data for your country compare with the rest of the world's countries?
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
S C H E D U L E
WEEK: 1, 2, 3,
4, 5, 6, 7,
8, 9, 10,
11, 12, 13,
14, 15, 16,
17
WHAT IS CRITICAL THINKING?
Critical thinking is the process of enabling a person to think, read, write, listen, and speak in such a way as to have them actively involved with reflecting, evaluating, and creating ideas. The opposite of this might be a person who merely memorizes, parrots, or passively responds to information without processing it or integrating concepts into their own framework. The purpose of critical thinking is to encourage us to think seriously about the what we learn.
WHY THINKING SKILLS?
Heard of the three R's{Special Char 190 in Font "Symbol"}reading, writing, and arithmetic? Well, now there's a fourth{Special Char 190 in Font "Symbol"}reasoning. Why? Because society is changing. We are shifting from a smokestack economy of goods producers to a service-oriented economy of information handlers. The world of the 21st century will rely on brawn{Special Char 190 in Font "Symbol"}and brains. Those who will find, or create, a place for themselves in the century to come must be able to read, write, listen to, speak about, and think about information. According to David Kearns, Chief Executive Officer of Xerox Corporation, "American business needs workers who. . . know how to think and can communicate what they're thinking."
WHAT THINKING SKILLS?
Some of the thinking skills you may learn include the following:
The computer software program PC Globe Maps 'N Facts has been installed on computers in the cop[uter lab on the second floor of building I for your use. Only the computers on the LEFT side of the room contain PC Globe. I believe you will find this program to be easy to use and quite useful. These instructions ought to get you started. If you have any questions be sure to ask. If you have very limited computer experience and are feeling a bit overwhelmed, don't worry, it's easier than you think.
As you enter the computer lab be sure to sign in. The computers should be on. To access PC Globe do the following:
1. Go to a computer in the left side of the room.
2. Use the arrow keys or the mouse to highlight applications. Press
enter.
3. Use the arrow keys or the mouse to highlight PC Globe or Maps 'N
Facts. Press enter.
4. You should now be into PC Globe Maps 'N Facts
Use the mouse to move the cursor to the "buttons" along the left side of the screen. When the cursor is on a button read the line at the bottom of the screen. It will tell you what that button will do. For example the top bottom (with the flag) will give you political maps. The second button down (with the mountain) will give you physical maps.
To select a button "click" on it by pushing the left button on the mouse. You will now be given a choice of maps, data pages, etc. Click on the down arrow and hold the mouse button down to scroll through the options. Click on the option you want to highlight it, then click on OK or push enter.
Across the top of the screen are several words. If you click on a word you get a pull down menu. Click on one of the options to activate it.
If you get stuck the best thing to do is READ THE SCREEN, especially the line at the bottom.
Have fun and experiment. If these instructions are not sufficient ask me in class or during office hours. If you need more help just ask.
MARK'S FAVORITES:
The Christian Science Monitor is NOT a religious newspaper, but it is published by the Christian Science church. Like many online news sources it does have a very useful search feature [archive].
This site allows you to do searches by country and by theme (topic). Many of the articles that you will find here are not recent but they include news that most of us haven't heard.
University of Wisconsin at Stevens Point On-Line News List
This site at the the University of Wisconsin - Stevens Point has its own list of online news sources including sources from around the world. You may want to see what the "local press" is saying about an international news issue and compare it with what the U.S. press is saying
OTHER
The MoJo Wire--Interactive Exposés and Politics
TotalNEWS: all the News, on the Net, all the Time
MSNBC World News
News Now
NPR Programs
FOX News
FOX News - Wires
Welcome to WashingtonPost.com
[TOP]
I listen to public radio (WBEZ 91.5 or WNIJ 89.5) while commuting to and from work. Some of the news that you will hear is also available online from National Public Radio. Here is a schedule of the best sources of international news on public radio in the Chicago area. Worldview, The World, Inside Europe, and the BBC programs contain almost 100% international news. Morning Edition and All Things Considered contain some international news.
MONDAY - FRIDAY
4:00 am - 9:30 am NPR's Morning Edition
12:00 noon - 1:00 Worldview
3:00 pm - 6:00 pm All Things Considered
7:00 pm - 8:00 pm The World
SATURDAY
5:00 am - 5:30 BBC News
5:30 am - 6:00 am Inside Europe: The European Radio Weekly
7:00 am - 9:00 am Weekly Edition
3:05 pm - 4:00 pm The Savvy Traveler
4:00 pm - 5:00 pm All Things Considered
SUNDAY
7:00 am - 9:00 am Weekly Edition Sunday
9:00 am - 10:00 am BBC Newshour
4:00 pm - 5:00 pm All Things Considered
8:00 pm - 8:30 pm BBC Newsdesk
[TOP]
[TOP]
There are, of course, many other sources of international news inlcuding local newspapers and weekly news magazines. If you find other good sources of news from the developing world, please let me and the class know.
Some of these sources specialize only in international news, some do both international and domestic news. NONE OF THESE SOURCES REPORT ONLY NEWS FROM THE DEVELOPING WORLD.
(from the Harper Catalog 1993-1994, p. 26)
"Harper college is strongly committed to the promotion of high ethical standards. Such standards can best be accomplished in an environment where honesty and integrity are practiced.
For this reason the college strongly condemns academic dishonesty. Academic dishonesty includes, cheating, plagiarism or other improper appropriation of another's work as one's own, and falsifying records to advance one's academic standing.
Cheating includes but is not limited to copying answers, stealing and/or disseminating tests or answer keys, using someone else's data in preparation of reports or assignments, and assisting others in such practices.
Plagiarism involves the presentation of another person's words, ideas, or work as one's own. It includes but is not limited to copying any material (written or non-written) without proper acknowledgment of its source, and paraphrasing another's work or ideas without proper acknowledgment."
"Any form of academic dishonesty as defined by the faculty member or department is a serious offense requiring disciplinary measures. Discipline for academic dishonesty involving a specific course shall be determined by the instructor of the course and may include failure of the specific assignment, project, or test or failure of the course. The student may appeal the instructor's decision in accordance with the College's Student Academic Complaint Procedures. In cases of academic dishonesty the faculty assigned grade supersedes a student-initiated withdrawal. In cases where disciplinary measures beyond course failure may be deemed appropriate by the instructor, or dishonesty that is not related to a specific course, the student may be disciplined in accordance with the Student Conduct Policy with the appropriate vice president involved in the decision."
See the College Catalog ans Student Handbookfor student disciplinary procedures.
Do NOT put your name on these sheets, but be able to identify which work is yours. (You may want to put a "secret" mark on it somewhere.)
1. Locate the following on a world map (see next page). Outline the area clearly and label it with the appropriate capital letter.
A. Chicago
B. Vietnam
C. Russia
D. Japan
E. Middle East
F. Iraq
G. Great Britain
H. Africa
I. Haiti
J. France
2. What is the population of the United States? ____________
3. Which country is located just south of the United States? ____________
4. What is the largest state in the United States? ____________
5. What is the smallest state in the United States? ____________
6. What is the major religion in Mexico, Brazil, and Columbia? ____________
7. If it is noon in Atlanta, what time is it in San Francisco? ____________
8. In what country is the city of Manila located? ____________
9. List the seven continents.
____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________
____________ ____________
10 . Name the five Great Lakes.
____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________
